沼气发电是随着大型沼气池建设和沼气综合利用的不断发展而出现的一项沼气利用技术，它将厌氧发酵处理产生的沼气用于发动机上，并装有综合发电装置，用以产生电能和热能。沼气发电具有创效、、和环保等特点，是一种分布广泛并且成本低廉的分布式能源。
Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of large-scale biogas digesters and comprehensive utilization of biogas. It uses the biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation treatment on the engine and is equipped with a comprehensive power generation device to generate electricity and heat energy. Biogas power generation has the characteristics of efficiency creation, energy conservation, safety, and environmental protection, and is a widely distributed and low-cost distributed energy source.
不过值得一提的是，厌氧处理产生的沼气进入发电机组之前需要进行脱硫、脱碳以及脱水等预处理，由于粪便产生的沼气除含有大量的甲烷和二氧化碳外，还含有其他如硫化氢、杂质、水分、氮氧化合物、硅氧烷等组分。而粪便厌氧发酵产生的沼气中硫化氢H2S含量较大，会对后端的发电设备产生腐蚀作用，因此沼气脱硫是常用的沼气提纯方式。
However, it is worth mentioning that the biogas generated by anaerobic treatment needs to undergo pre-treatment such as desulfurization, decarbonization, and dehydration before entering the power generation unit. As the biogas generated by feces contains not only a large amount of methane and carbon dioxide, but also other components such as hydrogen sulfide, impurities, moisture, nitrogen oxides, and siloxanes. The biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation of feces has a high content of hydrogen sulfide and H2S, which can cause corrosion to the back-end power generation equipment. Therefore, biogas desulfurization is the most commonly used method for biogas purification.
未经处理的沼气是不符合发动机气体品质的要求。沼气直接进入发动机，可能会引起功率波动、机组敲缸、停机甚爆炸。若气体只是做了简单的处理，水分、含尘量、压力、温度等均不符合机组要求。含水量过高会导致凝结水在管道的大量聚集，机组的可用率和发电功率大幅度下降；而含尘量过高会导致压力损耗过大，且机组内部缸体损耗更为严重；压力和温度等不符合机组要求会导致机组频繁跳机，可用率大幅下降且，同时增加了维护检修成本。而经过脱硫等提纯处理后的沼气，机组的发电量可以增加70%。沼气品质处理的效果如何，直接影响到终的机组工作效率，从而影响收益。所以选用好的预处理设备进体的脱硫、脱碳、、除杂、稳压、恒温等工作是保证和效益的前提。
Untreated biogas does not meet the requirements for engine gas quality. Direct entry of biogas into the engine may cause power fluctuations, unit knocking, shutdown, and even explosions. If the gas is simply treated, the moisture, dust content, pressure, temperature, etc. do not meet the requirements of the unit. Excessive water content can lead to a large accumulation of condensed water in the pipeline, resulting in a significant decrease in the availability and power generation of the unit; Excessive dust content can lead to excessive pressure loss, and the internal cylinder loss of the unit is more severe; Failure to meet the requirements of the unit, such as pressure and temperature, can lead to frequent unit trips, a significant decrease in availability, and an increase in maintenance and repair costs. After purification treatment such as desulfurization, the power generation of the unit can be increased by 70%. The effectiveness of biogas quality treatment directly affects the final efficiency of the unit, thereby affecting revenue. Therefore, selecting good pre-treatment equipment for gas desulfurization, decarbonization, dehumidification, impurity removal, pressure stabilization, constant temperature, and other work is a prerequisite to ensure safety and efficiency.
沼气发电机组对使用环境及沼气的基本要求包括：
The basic requirements for the use environment and biogas of biogas generator units include:
1. 燃气进气压力为2-10kpa,发电机组的气体压力过高或过低则需加调压阀或增压设备；
1. The gas inlet pressure is 2-10kpa, and if the gas pressure of the generator set is too high or too low, a pressure regulating valve or boosting equipment needs to be added;
2. 燃气中不含游离水和大于5μm的游离物质，燃气中硫化氢含量需低于10ppm； 3. 机组一般使用环境：温度5℃~35℃，海拔高度≤500m；
2. Gas does not contain free water and is greater than 5 μ The free substance of m, the hydrogen sulfide content in the gas must be less than 10ppm; 3. General operating environment of the unit: temperature 5 ℃~35 ℃, altitude ≤ 500m;
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2023-08-16
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